Principle XIII, references: Cognitive Capacity

1. Shoshani, J., Kupsky, W.J. & Marchant, G.H. 2006a. Elephant brain. Part I: gross morphology, functions, comparative anatomy, and evolution. Brain Research Bulletin 70: 124-157.

   Cozzi, B., Spagnoli, S. & Bruno, L. 2001. An overview of the central nervous system of the elephant through a critical appraisal of the literature published in the XIX and XX centuries. Brain Research Bulletin 54: 219-227.

2. Eisenberg, J. F. 1981. The mammalian radiations: An analysis of trends in evolution, adaptation and behavior. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

   Cutler, R. G. 1979. Evolution of longevity in ungulates and carnivores. Gerontology 25: 69-86.
   
   Shoshani, J. 1998. Understanding proboscidean evolution: A formidable task. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13: 480-487.

3. Shoshani, J. 1998. Understanding proboscidean evolution: A formidable task. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13: 480-487.

4. Buckley, C. (communicated by e-mail to J. Poole on 10 & 21/01/2003 and also described online Shirley and Shirley & Jenny's Reunion, and in the documentary film The Urban Elephant)

   McComb, K., Moss, C., Sayialel, S., and Baker, L. 2000. Unusually extensive networks of vocal recognition in African elephants. Animal Behaviour 59: 1103-9.

   McComb, K., Moss, C., Durant, S., Sayialel, S., and Baker, L. 2001. Matriarchs as repositories of social knowledge. Science 292: 491-494.

   Moore, R. (communicated to J. Poole in 1997 and described at http://www.5050.co.za/inserts.asp?ID=6775)

   Poole, J. H. 1996. Coming of age with elephants: A memoir. New York: Hyperion Press.

   Rasmussen, L. E. L. and Krishnamurthy, V. 2000. How chemical signals integrate Asian elephant society: The known and the unknown. Zoo Biology 19: 405-423.Rensch, B. 1956. Increase of learning capability with increase of brain-size. American Naturalist 90: 81-95.

   Rensch, B. 1957. The intelligence of elephants. Scientific American 196: 44-49.

   Shoshani, J. and Eisenberg, J. 1992. Intelligence and survival. In H. Shoshani (ed.), Elephants: Majestic creatures of the wild. Singapore: Weldon Owen.

   Viljoen, P. J. 1990. Daily movements of desert dwelling elephants in the northern Namib Desert. South African Wildlife Research 20(2): 69-72.

5. Lee, P. C. Forthcoming. Personality in elephants. In C. J. Moss, and H. J. Croze (eds.), The Amboseli elephants: A long-term perspective on a long-lived mammal. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

   Lee, P. C., Poole, J. H. and Moss, C. J. Forthcoming. Male elephant social dynamics: Independence and beyond. In C. J. Moss, and H. J. Croze (eds.), The Amboseli elephants: A long-term perspective on a long-lived mammal. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

   Moss, C. and Lee, P. C. Forthcoming. Female elephant social dynamics: Fidelity and flexibility. In C. J. Moss, and H. J. Croze (eds.), Amboseli elephants: A long-term perspective on a long-lived mammal. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

6. Poole, J. H., Tyack, P. L., Stoeger-Horwath, A. S. and Watwood, S. 2005. Elephants are capable of vocal learning. Nature 434: 455-456.

   Wemmer, C., Mishra, H. R. 1982. Observational learning by an Asian elephant of an unusual sound production method. Mammalia 46: 557.

   Wemmer, C., Mishra, H., and Dinerstein, E. 1985. Unusual use of the trunk for sound production in a captive Asian elephant: A second case. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 82: 187.

7. Chadwick, D. H. 1992. The fate of the elephant. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books.

   Hart, B. L., Hart, L. A., McCoy, M. and Sarath, C. R. 2001. Cognitive behaviour in Asian elephants: Use and modification of branches for fly switching. Animal Behaviour 62: 839-847.

   Poole, J. H. 1998. An exploration of a commonality between ourselves and elephants. Etica & Animali 9: 85-110.

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